Simptome PSU failure common:

1. PC nu pornește DELOC ("Dead" symptom):
• Apeși power button = zero reacție (no LED motherboard, no fans spin, zero beep codes)
• Verificare: LED motherboard back (majoritatea boards moderne au LED indicator power always-on când PSU connected) = dacă LED absent = PSU likely dead OR cablu 24-pin loose
• Test: Disconnect 24-pin motherboard, verify seated proper both ends (PSU + motherboard), reconnect firm click = dacă still dead = PSU suspect

2. Paperclip test PSU (home diagnostic):
• Disconnect PSU de la motherboard (TOATE cables: 24-pin, 8-pin CPU, PCIe, SATA)
• Locate 24-pin ATX connector: Pin layout (Green wire = PS_ON signal, Black wires = Ground)
• Bend paperclip U-shape, insert terminals short Pin 4 (PS_ON green wire) + Pin 5 (Ground black wire adjacent)
• Plug PSU cord priz, flip PSU switch ON
• Result: PSU fan should spin instantly = PSU alive (basic functionality) → Problemă elsewhere (motherboard/CPU/RAM)
  OR: PSU fan NOT spin = PSU dead confirmed → Replacement necessary
• ATENȚIE: Paperclip test verifică DOAR basic PSU alive, NU testează voltage stability/capacity load = PSU poate trece paperclip DAR fail load real components!

3. PC pornește 1 sec apoi shutdown instant loop:
• Fans spin 1 sec → Shutdown → Repeat loop infinit
• Cauze: PSU insufficient wattage (overload protection trigger instant), PSU voltage rails unstable (UVP/OVP protection), Short circuit somewhere (SCP protection), Motherboard VRM failure (draw excessive current = PSU OCP trigger)
• Diagnostic: Disconnect GPU + ALL SATA drives = minimal load (motherboard + CPU + 1 RAM stick only) → Retry boot → Dacă still loop = PSU likely culprit OR motherboard fault

4. Restartări random load (gaming/rendering):
• PC idle stable, boot OK, browsing fine → Launch game/benchmark = instant shutdown/restart mid-load
• Cauză: PSU insufficient wattage peak load (ex: 500W PSU cu sistem 550W actual load transient spikes) = OCP trigger, OR PSU degradat (capacitors aged = voltage droop load = UVP trigger)
• Test: Underclock GPU -10% (MSI Afterburner) + Underclock CPU (throttle max turbo BIOS) = reduce load 50-100W → Dacă stability improved = PSU insufficient confirmed

5. BSOD frecvent + erori diverse:
• BSOD stop codes voltage-related: WHEA_UNCORRECTABLE_ERROR, KERNEL_POWER (Event ID 41), random crashes no pattern
• Cauză: PSU voltage ripple excessive (poor quality PSU = "dirty" power fluctuations) = components receive unstable voltages = erratic behavior
• Diagnostic: HWiNFO64 monitoring voltages real-time (12V, 5V, 3.3V rails) → Load stress test Prime95 + FurMark simultaneous → Voltages deviate >±7-10% = PSU problem suspected

Când replacement urgent vs troubleshooting possible:
• PSU >7 ani old + symptoms = REPLACEMENT (capacitors degraded inevitable age)
• PSU no-name brand (Segotep, Logic, Sirtec rebrand) + symptoms = REPLACEMENT preventive (risc failure catastrophic damage motherboard/GPU!)
• PSU quality brand (Seasonic, Corsair, EVGA) <3 ani old + symptoms = Check cables first (24-pin reseat, 8-pin CPU verify), verify load wattage within spec, contact warranty RMA

Serviciu nostru diagnostic: Aduci PC → Paperclip test + Multimeter voltage check rails (no-load + simulated load resistive bank) + Breadboard test (minimal config boot) = diagnostic 30 min = identificare PSU fault vs motherboard/CPU issues = clarity total!

Calculator wattage simplu reliable:

Step 1 - Identificare TDP componente:
• CPU TDP: Check specs Intel/AMD site (ex: i5-13600K = 125W base, 181W PL2 turbo → use PL2 for accurate calc)
• GPU TDP: Check specs Nvidia/AMD site (ex: RTX 4070 = 200W TGP, RTX 4090 = 450W TGP)
• Motherboard + RAM + SSD + Fans + Peripherals: Estimate 100-150W combined (unless extreme config 64GB RAM + 10 fans = 200W)

Step 2 - Sumă total + headroom:
• Formula: (CPU TDP + GPU TDP + 150W) × 1.3 = PSU wattage recommended
• Factor 1.3 = +30% headroom pentru: Transient power spikes, PSU aging degradation (capacity -5-10% după 5 ani), future GPU upgrade margin

Exemple calculare realistic:

🖥️ Office PC (no dedicated GPU):
• i5-12400 (65W) + iGPU (15W) + 150W = 230W × 1.3 = 300W → PSU 450-550W recommended (headroom confortabil futureproof)

🎮 Gaming Entry (1080p budget):
• Ryzen 5 5600 (65W) + GTX 1660 Super (125W) + 150W = 340W × 1.3 = 442W → PSU 550W recommended

🎮 Gaming Mainstream (1080p/1440p):
• i5-13600K (181W PL2) + RTX 4060 Ti (160W) + 150W = 491W × 1.3 = 638W → PSU 650-750W recommended

🎮 Gaming High-End (1440p/4K):
• i7-14700K (253W PL2) + RTX 4070 Ti Super (285W) + 150W = 688W × 1.3 = 894W → PSU 850-1000W recommended

🔥 Enthusiast Extreme (4K ultra + streaming):
• i9-14900K (253W PL2) + RTX 4090 (450W TGP) + 200W (AIO pump, 10 fans, RGB everything) = 903W × 1.3 = 1174W → PSU 1200W+ mandatory!

⚠️ Transient power spikes consideration CRITICAL:
• Modern GPUs (RTX 4070 Ti+, RX 7900 XT+) au transient load spikes durata microsecunde (50-200 microseconds) unde power draw peak 150-200W PESTE TDP rated!
• Example: RTX 4090 TGP 450W DAR transient spikes documented până 600W instant = PSU wattage 1000W "technically sufficient" DAR 1200W+ recommended prevent OCP trigger shutdown mid-game
• Forums evidence: RTX 4090 + PSU 1000W 80+ Gold = random shutdowns gaming (transient spikes exceed PSU capacity instant) vs RTX 4090 + PSU 1200W 80+ Platinum = zero issues

Tool online convenient: PCPartPicker.com → Add ALL components (CPU, motherboard, GPU, RAM, SSD, fans, AIO, RGB) → Bottom page shows "Estimated Wattage: XXX W" = guide excellent! → Add +20-30% headroom = PSU size final

Consultanță noastră: Identificăm TOATE componente exact (CPU-Z, GPU-Z, open case inspect) → Calculare wattage precise cu transient spikes account → Recomandare PSU tier adequate (wattage + 80+ rating + modular type) + brands quality (Seasonic, Corsair RM/RMx, EVGA SuperNOVA, be quiet! Straight Power) = investment smart!

DA - cable management OBLIGATORIU inclus în manoperă instalare PSU!

Ce înseamnă cable management proper:

1. Routing cables back panel:
• Modern cases au grommet holes (rubber-lined openings) strategic positioned pentru cables routing front→back panel hidden
• Route 24-pin ATX prin grommet closest motherboard right edge → Back panel → Connect motherboard
• Route 8-pin CPU power prin grommet top-left (closest CPU power connector) → Back panel → Up behind motherboard tray → Connect CPU
• Route PCIe 8-pin GPU prin grommet mid-right → Back panel → Connect GPU bottom
• Route SATA power cables prin grommet bottom → Back panel → Connect drives

2. Bundling cables organized:
• Group cables similar destinations together (ex: toate SATA cables bundle 1, toate fan cables bundle separate)
• Use zip ties plastic (reusable Velcro cable ties preferred = easy future adjustments) secure bundles back panel
• Spacing zip ties every 10-15cm = cables neat straight lines vs sagging loops

3. Excess cable length management:
• PSU cables often 60-80cm length (accommodate large cases) DAR mid-tower cases need doar 40-50cm = excess 20-30cm cable
• Tuck excess length back panel PSU bay area (fold neat, zip tie secure) = zero cables loose flapping around
• Modular PSUs advantage: disconnect cables unused entirely = zero excess clutter!

4. Front panel airflow optimization:
• Goal: ZERO cables crossing front intake fans path = airflow unobstructed = temps -5-10°C improvement
• Bad example: 24-pin cable drapes across front fans = blocks 30-40% airflow = GPU/CPU temps +8-12°C higher!
• Good example: ALL cables routed back panel = front chamber completely clear = fans breathe free = optimal cooling

Beneficii cable management proper:
• Temperaturi lower: Airflow unobstructed = -5-10°C GPU/CPU temps (verified thermal tests before/after management)
• Aesthetic clean: Windowed tempered glass cases = cables visible mess ugly vs neat organized professional show-build
• Maintenance easier: Future upgrades (GPU swap, RAM add) = access easy components vs wrestling cable spaghetti
• Dust accumulation reduced: Cables tangle trap dust = cleaning nightmare vs organized cables = wipe easy

Nivel cable management nostru:
• Standard (inclus în manoperă 150 RON): Routing back panel toate cables, zip ties bundling basic, excess tucked, functional clean
• Premium (+50 RON optional): Custom cable combing (cables parallel aligned perfect), extra zip ties every 5cm spacing ultra-neat, color-matched cables orientation aesthetic (toate connectors oriented same direction PCB), photo-worthy show-build quality

Cazuri speciale challenging:
• Non-modular PSU în case small (ex: NZXT H510 Compact): 20-25 cables permanent = management challenging DAR achievable expert routing + creative tucking = rezultat OK functional (not show-build tier DAR decent)
• Semi/Full-modular PSU în case mid-tower standard: Easy peasy, cables minimal necessary = management straightforward = rezultat excellent 95% cazuri

Garanție: Dacă cables management slips (zip tie breaks, cables sag) în 30 zile = revenire FREE re-secure!

Manoperă înlocuire PSU: 150 RON
• Demontare PSU veche (disconnect ALL cables, unscrew, extract)
• Curățare zone montaj (dust filters, PSU bay)
• Instalare PSU nou (mounting, fan orientation correct)
• Conectare TOATE cables (24-pin ATX, 8-pin CPU, PCIe GPU, SATA, Molex, fans)
• Cable management back panel (routing grommet holes, zip ties bundling, excess tucked)
• Boot POST verify + HWiNFO64 voltages check (12V/5V/3.3V ±5% tolerance)
• Stress test 15 min (Prime95 + FurMark load) = stability verify zero shutdowns
• Timp: 1-1.5h funcție case complexity

Servicii suplimentare opționale:
• Cable management premium (show-build quality): +50 RON (combing cables, zip ties ultra-neat 5cm spacing, color-match orientation)
• Custom sleeved cables installation (dacă client furnizează): +30 RON manoperă (CableMod extensions install, routing aesthetic)
• PSU fan replacement (dacă PSU veche fan noisy DAR otherwise functional): +80 RON (disassembly PSU, fan swap 120mm, reassembly, test) = extend lifespan PSU 2-3 ani vs full replacement

NU INCLUDE (client furnizează sau sourcing nostru):
• PSU nou: 250-1200 RON funcție tier:
  → Budget 450-550W 80+ Bronze: 250-350 RON (EVGA BR, Corsair CV, be quiet! System Power)
  → Mainstream 650-750W 80+ Gold Semi-Modular: 400-600 RON (Corsair RM650x, Seasonic Focus GX-750, EVGA SuperNOVA G6)
  → High-End 850-1000W 80+ Gold/Platinum Modular: 650-900 RON (Corsair RM850x, Seasonic Prime TX-1000, be quiet! Dark Power Pro 12)
  → Extreme 1200W+ 80+ Platinum/Titanium: 1000-1500+ RON (Corsair HX1200, Seasonic Prime TX-1600, overkill 99% users)

Exemple cost total realistic:
• PSU upgrade budget (failure replacement): PSU Corsair CV550 80+ Bronze 300 RON + manoperă 150 RON = 450 RON total
• PSU upgrade gaming (future-proof): PSU Seasonic Focus GX-750 80+ Gold Semi-Modular 550 RON + manoperă 150 RON = 700 RON total
• PSU upgrade enthusiast (RTX 4090 build): PSU Corsair RM1000x 80+ Gold Modular 900 RON + manoperă premium 200 RON = 1100 RON total

Garanție: Manoperă instalare 30 zile (dacă probleme POST/shutdowns/voltages din cauză montaj = revenire FREE fix), hardware PSU garanție producător standard (5-10 ani funcție brand/tier).

Instalare PSU standard (semi-modular, case mid-tower): 1-1.5h
• Demontare PSU veche: 15 min (disconnect toate cables carefully labeled, unscrew 4 screws, extract)
• Curățare zone: 5 min (dust filters wash, PSU bay wipe)
• Instalare PSU nou: 10 min (insert bay, screw secure, verify fan orientation)
• Conectare cables: 25 min (24-pin ATX, 8-pin CPU, 2×8-pin PCIe GPU, 3× SATA power drives, 2× case fans, verify ALL seated firm)
• Cable management: 20 min (routing back panel, zip ties 5-7 points, excess tucked)
• Boot + test: 15 min (POST verify, BIOS check hardware, HWiNFO64 voltages monitor, stress test Prime95+FurMark 10 min)
• Total: 1-1.5h

Instalare PSU complex (full-modular, custom cables, case compact): 1.5-2h
• Steps above: 1h
• + Full-modular cables selective connection PSU-side: 15 min (choose only cables necessary, connect PSU modular ports correct, verify pinout diagrams match)
• + Cable management premium (show-build): 30 min (combing cables parallel, zip ties ultra-neat 5cm spacing, color-match orientation, photos-worthy)
• Total: 1.5-2h

Program livrare:
• Aceeași zi: Aduci PC dimineață 9-10 AM → Finalizare 12-14 PM → Ridicare aceeași zi!
• Urgență express (+50 RON): Priority treatment, start imediat → Finalizare 1h garantat (cable management basic, fără premium aesthetic)